Knee osteotomy is a surgical procedure designed to correct knee joint deformities and alleviate pain caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis. This operation involves cutting and reshaping the bones around the knee to shift the weight-bearing load from the damaged area to a healthier part of the joint. It is particularly beneficial for individuals suffering from unicompartmental osteoarthritis, where only one side of the knee joint experiences degeneration. The underlying cause of the need for a knee osteotomy often stems from chronic wear and tear on the joint, injury, or congenital deformities that lead to abnormal alignment of the knee. As the cartilage deteriorates, patients may experience significant pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion, making activities such as walking or climbing stairs increasingly difficult. Symptoms can vary in intensity, but they commonly include localized pain, especially during weight-bearing activities, and a feeling of instability or "giving way" in the knee. Some patients may also notice changes in their gait as they subconsciously compensate for the pain, which can lead to secondary issues in other joints, such as the hips or lower back. The surgical procedure typically begins with the surgeon making an incision to access the knee joint, followed by the careful removal of bone to realign the joint. After this, the bones are often fixed in place using plates, screws, or wedges to ensure proper healing and alignment. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery process, allowing patients to gradually regain strength and range of motion. With the right post-operative care, many individuals can return to their normal activities and reduce their dependence on pain management strategies. Knee osteotomy is not suitable for everyone, and doctors will consider a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and the extent of joint damage before recommending this treatment. While it is generally effective in relieving pain and improving function, potential risks include infection, blood clots, and complications related to anesthesia. In some cases, the procedure may not eliminate the need for future interventions, such as a total knee replacement. Nevertheless, knee osteotomy remains a valuable option for many patients, offering them a chance to reclaim their quality of life and maintain an active lifestyle. Proper pre-operative evaluation, surgical technique, and post-operative care are essential components that contribute to the overall success of the procedure, helping individuals manage their knee pain more effectively and improve their long-term outcomes.
